Air-compressor.



v 0. J. COSTELLO & s. G. SKINNER.

AIR COMPRESSOR.

APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 23, 1911.

Patented Oct. 17, 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

0. J. COSTELLO & s1 0. SKINNER.

AIR COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION FILED JARQS, 1911.

Patented Oct. 17, 1911.

a SHEET;SSEIIET 2.

c. J. COSTELLO & s. G. SKINNER.

AIR COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 23, 1911.

To all whom it my concerns 2 citizens of the United vide a UNITED s'mrns ATENT ora on.

,CHARLES JEROME COSTELLO AND STEPHEN GUION SKINNER, OF CHICAGO ILLINOIS,ASSIGNORS TO SKIN NER & SKINNER (20., OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ACORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

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. Be it knownthat we, CHARLES JEROME COSTELLO and STEPHEN GUIoN SKINNER,States, residing at Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois',have invented new and useful linprovernents in Air-Compressoi-s, ofwhich the following is a specification.

Ourinvention relates to improvements in air compressors, with especialreference to that type of compressors which are designed to be used inconnect-ion with multiple cyl inder engines, and in which air or vaporfrom one of the cylinders is utilized to actuate the compressor, eitherfor pumping air to inflate a tire or 'for any other purpose; The objectsof our-invention are to propump of this class wherein the cylinder whichdrives the compressor, maybe run at full capacity, that is, m-ayreceivea full charge of air orvapor, althoughthe engine, as such, maybethro-ttled so that the other cylinders receive only-a portion of a fullcharge o'fmotive fluid, such as steam; hot air or explosive gases; alsoto provide means whereby the compressed air delivered to the tire orother place of use, may consist of pureair which has not entered theengine cylinder, and in which the heat evolved by compression has beenabstracted to such an extentas to avoid injurious effects also toprovide means wherei by destructive movements of the compressor pistonsmay be avoided, by proper cushioning, both when pumping against atire'pressure and when pumping without connecting the pump outlet to anyform of receiver, as, for example, when the delivery hose is uncoupledwithout stopping the engine.

In the following descriptiom reference is had, to the accompanyingdrawings, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of an aircompressor embodying our invention. F 1g. 2 1s a cross sectional viewdrawn on line of Fig. 1'. Fig: 3 is also a vertical sectional viewshowing a modified form of construction. F 15: 4 1s a similar view,showinga third modification, is a vertical sectional view of a pumpembodying our invention, showing one wall, or head of an enginecylinder, "to which the same may be applied. Fig. 6 is "a sectional viewdrawn on line w-a1- of Fig: Z5.

' Like parts unidentified by the same ref- AIR-COMPRESSOR.

Specification of Letters Patent. duplication filed January 23, 1911.

Patented a. 1a, 1911. Serial No. 604,940.

erence characters throughout the several news.

The air compressor comprises a power cylinder l, and a compressioncylinder 2 of less diameter, coupled end to end, preferably by acommon'head piece The cylinder is provided 'with a connecting member lEadapted to be screwed into the spark plug aperture of one cylinder of amultiple cylinderengine, the head piece of which partly shown at A inFigs. 3 and 5.

The power cylinder 1 (Fig. 1) contains a piston 5, preferably of the cupleather type, i and the compression cylinder 2 contains-a piston 7 oftons and 7 are connected with each other posite side walls. This rodextends through an aperture i'n head piece 3. The compression cylinder 2carriesa head piece provided with inlet and outlet ports lti and 17respectively, the inlet port being normally closed by a spring seatedcheck valve 18 and the outlet port by a'similar check valve '19. A tube'21 is connected. with the outlet port and is coiled about the cylinder2, between it and an outer casing 23. Tlie'lower end of the tube 21communicates with a cav-. ity 25- in the intermediate head piece 3, anda valved nipple 23- serves as ameans for delivering air from thiscavity, said nipple being adapted'td receive the hose coupling 29, asshown in Fig. 5.

Theoasing '23 is provided with apertures 31 at its upper, end. The headpiece'3 is provided with apertures 33, affording communication betweenthe cylinder space of cylinder 1 and the casing space, that. is, thespace occupied in part by the tube 21. The upward movement of the drivenpiston 7 compresses air in cylinder 2 and delivers it through tube 21,and the simultaneous up,- ward inov'ement'of the power piston airfromlcylinder lithrough the apertures, 33, the casing space, andapertures 31, thus cooling the air tube 21 by heat absorption. Duringthe down stroke of the pistons 7, 5,, and that piston of the enginecylinder'to which the pump is connected, the engine cylinder is refilledwith air, derived in part through theapertures 31, the casing space,apertures 33, and the cylinder 1, from which it passes to the enginecylinder through ports in thy, piston 5, which are normally closedunderneath th piston, by a spring 1 the same type. The pis- 7-0 5 forcesV seated annular check-valve 37. The air a'triangular stem 20 (Fig; 2)to permit the.

delivery of air past the stem when the valve is open. The inlet valve 18may have any form of stem, for this stem does not extend into the pathof the air delivered through port 16.

'The plunger anvil 41 is provided with ducts 42 leading from theinterior of cross pin 40 to the upper andlower surfaces, respectively,of the anvil. check valves 43 and 44 respectively, which allow thepiston rod sockets to freely fill when the piston movement reverses.

Referring to Figs. 5 and 6, it will be ob-. served that the generalfeatures of construction are the-same as in-Fig. 1 and are iden'tifiedby the same reference numerals, with the letter c appended to thenumerals. In

this construction, the pistons are cushioned the next contact with theanvil.

on the up and down strokes as follows. A cross pin- 40, mounted in theintermediate head piece 3, extends through the slots 11 of theconnecting rod 9, and within the latter, this pin supports a stop blockor anvil 41. Plungers 4-5, socketed in the respective end portions ofthe rod 9, are provided with yielding striker cushions 46 for contactwith the anvil 41, and are also yieldingly mounted on springs 49, whichpermit the plungers to move toward the adjacentend of rod 9, andcompress the air in the spring receiving space, thus aifording an aircushion and tosome extent a spring cushion, co-actingwith the strikercushions, to check the piston movement on completion of a stroke. Itwill be understood that the striker cushion 46 on piston 5 impinges onthe under surface of the anvil and actuat-es the lower plunger 45 tocompress its supporting spring and the air in the spring space. The.upper plunger is shownin spring and air compressing relation in Fig. 1.The function of the-springs- 49 is'principallyto move the plungersoutwardly-tornormal position preparatory to This outward movement of theplungers is limited by shoulders 51 and 52' on the plungers and pistonrod respectively.

The above described cushioning devices are sufiiciently eifective whenthe pump is operated to deliver air against apre-existing pressure, suchas ordinarily exists in a tire.

These ducts have But when disconnected from one tire, and preparatory tocoupling up with another, the engine meanwhile continuing in operation,injury" might result, (at least to the cushioningdevices shown in Figs.3, 4, and 5) if the pump cylinder 2 were'permitted to "discharge to theopen air without resist.-

ance. WVe thereforeprovide the nipple 27, 27, 27 or 27, with a springseated check valve 61, seating with the pressure, and having a stem 62projecting outwardly in a po- 'sition to be actuated by a member 63 inthe hose coupling 29 when the latter is in coupling relation to thenipple 27. The other end of the hose 65 is provided with a member 67having a similar check valve 69, the stem 70 of which projects into acoupling member 71 in a position to be actuated to open this valve, byan actuatipg member on any receiving nipple connected with a tire orother air receiving member. As both the valves 61 and 69 close with thepressure as developed by the pump, it follows that if the hose isuncoupled at either end while the pump is in operation, 'a delivery ofair from cylinder 2 will be prevented and the piston will therefore beetfectively cushioned Itwill, beunderstood that when the above describeddevice is used, it is screwed into a spark plug aperture of one 9f thecylinders of a multiple cylinder engine. The airand vapor compressed insaid cylinder (A in Figs. 1 and 5), passes upward through the connectingmember 4 and actuates the lower piston 5 to drive the upper piston 7 upfwardly in the cylinder 2. The lower piston 5- meets with substantiallyno resistance from the air in cylinder 1, since said air passesoutwardly through the holes and -upwardly between the cylinder 2 and thecasair is compressed in cylinder 2 and delivered past the check valve 19through the pipe 21 past check valve 6 and-hose 65, (Fig. 5) to thepoint of use, check valves 61 and (39 being open and hose 65 beingconnected at both ends. On the down stroke of the pistons. air enterscylinder 2 through check valye 18 and air also passes downwardly throughthe holes 31, the space between cylinder .2-an d casing 23, and holes33, into cylinderl, and

' ing 23. During this stroke of the pistons,

from said cylinder to the engine cylinder, as

above explained. When changing the hose 65 from one point of delivery toanother,

the engine need not be stopped, since the uncoupling of the hose member71 will permit valve 69 to close until the hose is again coupled up inits new relation.

Referring to Fig. 4, it will be observed that cylinders 1 and 2,connecting member 4*, casing 23, inlet and outlet check valves 18 and19*, delivery tube 21 and outlet nipple 27* are substantially the sameas in -Fig. 1.- A piston 5 is employed in cylinder 1?, which is providedwith ports 35, permitton, the upper plunger Z5 seat-ing downwardly 1nanupper socket 78 and the lower plunger seating upwardly in a socket 79.These plungers are normally pushed toward the outer ends of the sockets,by springs 80, the lower plunger 76 is actuated inwardly in its socketwhen thedownward movementof the piston'brings said plunger into contactwith a seat 81, which is preferably lion metallic, and when this plungermoves inwardly, it compresses the corresponding-- spring 80- and alsocompresses the air in the spring receiving space. On the up-stroke ofthe pistons, the head 83 of the plunger 7 5 contacts with theintermediate cylinder head 3Rand this plunger is then forced inwardlyinto the socket 78, compressing the air said socket. It is thereforeobvious that 1n thisconstruction, a spring and air compressing device isprovided, which operates upon the same principle as that employed inFig.

1,.although dilfering to some extent structurally.

Referring to Fig. it w'ill be observed thatwe employ cylinders 1 and 2",and a connecting member 4", similar in form to the corresponding partsshown in Fig. 1. Pistons 5 and 7" are employed and corre-, spond inposition and function with the pistons 5 and 7 in Fig. l, but instead ofadmitting air to the'engine cylinderthrough the piston 5 we admit itthrough the lower cylinder head 87, which is provided with ports- 88,normally closed by an annular spring seated check valve 89, the spring90 being held in position to close said valve by a tubular member 91,"threaded into a suitable socket in the connecting member 4. Said member91 contains a cushioning spring 95, which is seated upon a shoulder inthe member 4 and projects upwardly through the member 91.into a positionto be struck by the piston 5 on its downward stroke. A flat spring 96,coiled as illustrated, aboutthe connecting rod 9", is employed tocushionthe pistons on their up stroke by striking the; intermediate headpiece 3". In "this construction, -air is ad,- mitted to theeylinder 1'above the piston 5" through holes 97, thepurpose of this air admissionbeing merely to prevent resist-. ance to the piston. movement. Air isadmitted to the upper cylinder 2 through holes 98, which are uncoveredon the come a duct constituting an outlet for the pump- ,the duct.

pletion of the down strokes of pistons.-

It is delivered through a gravity ball check valve 99 and through avalved nipple 27" into a hose connectionbfi, the nipple 27 and hoseconnection being the same as illustrated in Fig. 1.

It will of course be understood that the coiled tube 21 may be employedor omitted in any one of the constructions illustrated, and that. thespecific features of the cushioning devices are not essential in any ofthe views, but may be employed indiscriminately in any of the structuresillustrated.

In Fig. 4, we have illustrated aconnect ing .rod 9", which is solidinstead of tubular, as illustrated in the d-ther views. This is merely amatter of convenience in construction.

With any one of the pumps illustrated,

'airfrom. the engine cylinder 15 never delivered through the compressioncylinder 2, 2i, 0r*2", pure air onl being received and expelled fromsaid cydindcr. By supplying air through this pumping apparatus to theengine" cylinder which ,furnishes the power fluid to drive the pump, acomplete charge and full compression is secured in the engine cylinder,regardless of the condition of the admission valves normally usedv whensaid cylinder is employed as a'prime moverp Having thus described ourinvention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by LettersPatent,is

1. In an air compressor of the described class, the combination of a setof cylinders of different diameters; disposed end to endi pistons in'said cylinders connected Wit-l" each other, a casing encircling thesmaller cylinder and arranged to permit the passage of air therethroughto and from the larger cylinder, and a duct therein for the airdischarge from the smaller cylinder? 2. In an air compressor of thedescribed class, the combination of a power cylinder, a pumpingcylinder, pistons in said cylinders connected with each other, a casinginclosing the pumping cylinder and forming an air passageleading to thepower cylinder, said air passage being provided with ingcylinder,'valves at t-herespective ends of said duct, and an inlet valvefor the pumping cylinder; said duct valves being each arranged to-seatwith the pressure in 3. In an air compressor, the combination a of apower cylinder, a pumping cylinder of less diameter connected therewith,an-outlet duct for the pumping. cylinder, extending spirally about saidcylinder, an automatically closing .valve controlling theoutlet of saidduct, a casing inclosing said duct and the pumping cylinder, and formingan air. passe e leading to the power cylinder, a valve 'inlet for thepumpingcylmder, and 13 a connecting member adapted to deliver powerfluid to the power cylinder.

4. In an air compressor, the combination of a power cylinder apumpingcylinder of less diameter'connected therewith, an outlet duct forthe pumping cylinder, extending spirally about said cylinder, anautomatically closing valve controlling the outletof said duct, a casinginclosing said duct and pumping cylinder, and forn'nng an air passageleading-to the power cylinder, a

pumping cylinder at the other end ot'thc power cylinder, I pistons insaid cylinders connected with each other, means for permitting thepassage of fluid past the power cylinder piston in the direction of theconnecting member,- said pumping cylinder be ing providedwith inlet andoutlet ports,

"and 'said power cylinder "being provided with an'inlet on the oppositeside of its piston from that occupiedby the connecting member.

6. In an air compressor, the combination of a power cylinder provided atone end with a connecting member adapted to deliver a fluid thereto. anaxially disposed pumping cylinder at the other end of the powercylinder, pistons in said cylinders connected with each other,'means forper mitting the passage of fluid past the power cylinder piston in thedirection ot'the connecting'member, said pumping cylinder being providedwith inlet and outlet ports.

and said power cylinder being provided with an inlet on the oppositeside of its piston from that occupied by the connecting member,'togetherwith means for cushioning said pistons at the extremity of their strokein either direction.

7. The-combination'of a power cylinder provided with a connecting memberat one end, constituting a fluid admitting means,

and a pumping cylinder at the other end provided with inlet and outletports, pistons in said cylinder connected with each-other, a valvedpassage arranged to admit air from theexterior to the connectingmembenand an opening adapted to admit air to the power cylinder on theother side of the power cylinder piston from that occupied by theconnecting member, together with means for cushioning said pistons atthe extremlty of their stroke in either dlrectlon. 8. The combinatlon ofa power cyllnder provided with a connecting member at one -from thepumping cylinder, and a plurality of valves in said duct, one seating inthe di-' rection of fluid movement, and the other seating in theopposite direction and closing the outlet oit'the power cylinder.

9. In an air compressorgthc combination of apower cylinder, a connectingmember adapted to admit power fluid thereto. a"

pumping cylinder axially disposed at the other end of the powercylinder, pistons in said c "linders'connected with each other, saidpumping cylinderbeing provided with valved inlet and outlet portsadapted for the admission and discharge of. fluid, and a duct formed insections and connected with the outletports of the pumping cylinder,"

each section of said duct being provided with a valve adjacent to itsouter end,sea ting in the direction of fluid delivery and adapted to beopened automatically when a. coupling member is applied to such. end ofthe duct section.-

10. In an air compressor, the combination of a power cylinder, aconnecting member adapted to admit power fluid thereto,- a' pumpingcylinder axiallydisposed at the other end of the power cylinder,.pistonsin said cylinders connected with each other. said pumping cylinder beingprovided with valved inlet and outletports adapted for the admission anddischarge of fluid, and a duct formed in sections and connectedwith theoutlet portsof the pumping cylinder. each section of said duct beingprovided with a valve adjacent to its outer end, seating in thedirection of fluid" delivery and adapted to beopencd automatically whena coupling member is applied to such end of the duct section, togetherwith means for cushioning'said pistonson the completion of their strokein either direction.

11. In an air compressor, the combination of a power cylinder, aconnecting member lOt adapted to admit power fluid thereto, a

pumping cylinder axially disposed at the other end of the powercylinder, pistons in said cylinders connected with each other, saidpumping cylinder being'provided with valved inlet and outlet portsadapted for the admission and discharge of fluid, anda c'iuct formed insections and connected with the outlet ports of the pumping cylinder,each section of said duct being provided with ii-valve adjacent'to itsouter end, seeting in the direction of fluid deiiyery and adapted to beopened automatically when a coupling member is epplieii to such endofthe duct section, together with means for cushioning said pistons on thecompletion of their stroke in either direction, and each of saidcushioning means comprising socketing plungers arranged for aircompression on the completion of piston stroke in either direction.

12. The combination with the cylinder of an internal combustion engine,of a power cylinder and e pumping cylinder connected end to end andconstituting an air pump, a tubular rod connecting seidpistons slottedintermediate 0% its end portions, e stop extending into said rod betweenthe pistone and, a motion stopping member on said stop,-

adapted to compress air in the unsiotted end portions of the rod.

In test mony Wliereoi We our signatures in the presence of twoWitnesses.

CHARLES JERGME CQSTELJO, STEPHEN GUION SKINNER.

Witnesses:

.WALTON N. JAooBsoN, CHAS. T. PLASTOW.

Copies of this patent may be obtainefi for five cents each, byaddressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

